The Risks of MDMA

ABSTRACT

                 The substance abused within the varying cultures of the world reflect the individual promotions inherent within each of these populations. A new epidemic has emerged, especially amongst the millennial generation, where party drugs and feel good music have laid a platform for risky, indulgent behaviors. Molly, otherwise known as MDMA, is a pure form of ecstasy. The notion behind molly is that the lack of other potentially harmful cutter drugs which typically lace ecstasy to give an enhanced effect, whether speed, methamphetamine, or other dangerous stimulants, makes molly safe for use. (more…)

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Anabolic Steroid Prevalence & Dangers

The substance being considered will be performance enhancing drugs, particularly anabolic steroids. According to a 2006 survey funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, 3 percent of 12th graders have abused anabolic steroids. Although this sounds like a minority of the population, 40 percent claimed that finding administrators of anabolic steroids was easy. Anabolic steroid use without proper medical supervision and a prescription can have harmful effects on the psyche and physiology of users (Nieschlag, E., & Vorona, E., 2015). (more…)

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Exercise & Diabetes

There are two types of diabetes and pre-diabetes as topics of interest. Type one diabetes is characterized by the destruction of the insulin-secreting B-cells of the pancreas. It can be characterized as an auto-immune disease. Type two diabetes is caused by the malfunction of the B-cells of the pancreas and the pathological condition where the cells fails to respond to insulin concentrations appropriately known as insulin resistance. (more…)

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Signal Transduction Hypothesis

This week’s discussion article is a second research paper based on the adaptations to exercise observed through signaling pathways. The hypothesis behind this research was that free radicals that are generated during exercise promote the observed exercise-induced adaptations. Although there was initial evidence to support this hypothesis, the research indicated that the hypothesis was only partially correct. (more…)

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A Short Detail on Muscle Contraction

Motor unit summation, or recruitment, controls the force of contraction regarding skeletal muscle tissue. Before the skeletal muscle is stimulated, there is a natural skeletal muscle tone that is present. This skeletal muscle tone keeps the muscles firm, stabilize joints, maintains posture, and readies the body to respond to stimuli. This contraction type can be likened to isometric contractions. Stimuli that will not produce an observable change in contraction strength beyond this tone is deemed sub-threshold stimuli. (more…)

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The Genetic of Sports Injuries and Athletic Performance

          The article “The genetics of sports injuries and athletic performance” was originally synthesized for the purpose of identifying genetic components related to the susceptibility of tendon injuries and enhanced athletic performance. Researchers used PubMed in their evidence collection by searching key terms such as “sports injuries”, “athletic performance”, and “genetics.” (more…)

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Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise

This week’s discussion article is a second research paper based on the adaptations to exercise observed through signaling pathways. The hypothesis behind this research was that free radicals that are generated during exercise promote the observed exercise-induced adaptations. Although there was initial evidence to support this hypothesis, the research indicated that the hypothesis was only partially correct. (more…)

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The Central Nervous System & Fatigue Recovery

High-intensity intermittent sprint intervals result in high physiological, metabolic, and neuromuscular demands. Often this type of exercise is accompanied by reversible declines in the force production of the muscles as they contract at or near maximal capacity. This fatigue can be defined as the reversible, exercise-induced reduction in maximal power output or speed. (more…)

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Phosphatidic Acid enhances mTOR signaling

Skeletal muscle mass has been attributed to important functions such as an individual’s metabolic rate, functional movement, posture, power output, etc. The need for skeletal muscle is universal and the decline of skeletal muscle as individuals age is also universal. This week’s discussion article delves into the use of phosphatidic acid as an enhancer of mTOR signaling. mTOR is a protein kinase that’s considered a key regulator of skeletal muscle growth. (more…)

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Polarized Training & Endurance Exercise

Four specific training components are implemented within the training programs of endurance athletes. These include high-volume training, threshold training, high-intensity interval training, and polarized training. Polarized training can be viewed as a combination of each of the former three training styles. Training programs such as these rely heavily on the consistent participation by the athlete. In this study, 95% of the training sessions were attended. During the training sessions, the training load (intensity determined by HR zones, duration, and frequency) were matched. (more…)

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